As the Arctic Ocean warms, its open-water season grows longer and its ice-covered season becomes shorter. Our research shows that the average annual open-water period for Arctic waters lengthens by about 1 month for every 1°C of global warming between now and 2100.

Team science, open data, and long-term monitoring reveal that the mechanisms behind lake dissolved oxygen declines differ in surface and deep waters.

In modeling climate change mitigation alongside sustainable economic development, integrated assessment models need to take into account the qualitative features of growth in developing countries, including the massive energy demand that comes along with industrialization